The best time varies by region. Generally, May to October is ideal for East and Southern Africa (dry season for wildlife). West Africa is best November to February. Consider the Great Migration timing (July-October for Mara River crossings) and avoid heavy rain seasons which can affect road conditions.

Visa requirements vary by nationality and country. Some offer visa-on-arrival, others require advance applications. The East Africa Tourist Visa covers Kenya, Uganda, and Rwanda. Research each country on your itinerary and allow time for visa processing. Your tour operator can provide guidance.

US Dollars (post-2009 bills) are widely accepted across Africa. Also carry some Euros and South African Rand for certain regions. ATMs are available in major cities but not rural areas. Bring a mix of cash and cards. Notify your bank of travel plans to avoid card blocks.

Overland tours with reputable operators are generally very safe. They have experienced guides, established routes, and security protocols. Africa has millions of safe tourist visits annually. Follow your guide's advice, stay with the group, and take normal travel precautions.

Consult a travel health clinic 4-6 weeks before departure. Yellow fever vaccination is mandatory for many countries. Other recommended vaccines include Hepatitis A/B, Typhoid, Meningitis, and Polio. Malaria prophylaxis is essential for most regions. Bring a comprehensive first aid kit and any prescription medications.

Pack light but comprehensively: quick-dry clothing in neutral colors, warm layers for varying altitudes, sturdy walking boots and sandals, rain gear, sun protection, headlamp, universal adapter, lightweight sleeping bag (if camping), daypack, water purification tablets, wet wipes, and a positive attitude for adventure!